Gujarat government to collect DNA samples from 31 tribal communities across 11 districts, know why

The Gujarat government has launched a comprehensive genome sequencing project focusing on tribal communities, making the state the first in India to implement such a programme. The project aims to identify and prevent hereditary diseases prevalent among tribal populations.

Genome sequencing drive across 11 districts

Under the project, researchers will collect DNA samples from 31 tribal communities spread across 11 districts of the state. The collected data will be used to create an extensive genetic database to help diagnose hereditary disorders and improve treatment approaches tailored for these communities.

Tribal populations in Gujarat have long battled serious genetic ailments such as thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia. These conditions often go undetected until advanced stages, making treatment difficult. Genome sequencing will help trace the exact location and structure of genes and identify mutations responsible for such diseases.

The initiative is expected to enable early detection of genetic mutations, leading to timely diagnosis and better preventive care. Scientists plan to develop low-cost diagnostic panels based on the data. The findings could also support prenatal and embryo-level testing during IVF procedures.

What is genome sequencing? 

Genome sequencing is a laboratory method that is used to determine the entire genetic makeup of a specific organism or cell type. This method can be used to find changes in areas of the genome. These changes may help scientists understand how specific diseases, such as cancer, form. Results of genomic sequencing may also be used to diagnose and treat disease, according to the National Cancer Institute.