All about Retinoblastoma: Over 18 children at Ahmedabad civil hospital lost an eye last year

If a child’s eye shows a white reflection or glare, difficulty recognizing colors, redness in the white part of the eye, twitching, or persistent pain and swelling, it’s important to take these signs seriously. Medically, this condition is known as Retinoblastoma, and in simple terms, it’'s referred to as retinal cancer. In India, about 1,500 new cases of retinoblastoma are reported each year.

Dr Wilhelmina Ansari from the M & J Institute Of Ophthalmology, Civil Hospital Ahmedabad emphasised the importance of early diagnosis. She advised that if symptoms appear in a child, a doctor should be consulted immediately. Treatment includes chemotherapy and retinal angiography, among others. At the institute, over 40 cases are recorded annually. Last year, 18 children had to have one of their eyes surgically removed, and once an eye is removed, vision cannot be restored.

Every year, May 12 to 17 is observed as ‘Retinoblastoma Week’ to raise awareness. Retinoblastoma is a type of cancer that affects the retina, a thin layer of nerve cells at the back of the eye. It can affect one or both eyes and typically develops shortly after birth. This disease is highly dangerous — not only can it lead to loss of vision, but it can also be life-threatening.

Retinoblastoma begins as a small tumor on the retina. It can grow rapidly, and without timely care, both vision and the eye itself may be lost. In the early stages, the tumor remains limited to the eye, but if left untreated, it can spread outside the eye, reaching the brain, bones, and other vital parts of the body.

How is Retinoblastoma diagnosed?

Diagnosis is done under anesthesia. Tests include MRI scans and ultrasounds of the eye. For patients requiring chemotherapy, a pediatric specialist first evaluates the child’s overall health before beginning treatment.

Is Retinoblastoma treatable?

Yes, retinoblastoma can be treated, but early detection is essential. In its early stages, treatment often involves laser therapy and chemotherapy, which can usually preserve the patient’s life, vision, and the eye itself.

Genetic risk of Retinoblastoma

This cancer primarily affects children under the age of 5, although older children can occasionally be affected. If the parents or siblings have a history of eye cancer, the risk of retinoblastoma in a newborn can increase by up to 50%. It may also occur due to nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy.